Kungaba nezikhathi lapho isithunzi sakho (imibono abanye abanayo ngawe) ilinyazwa amahemuhemu amabi. Umphumela walokhu kungaba ukuthi abanye abantu bazothola umbono wamanga ngawe futhi bangase bangazizwa besavumelana nawe. Ngokubona kwabo, ungumuntu eselehlile iqiniso ngaye kunangaphambili njengoba bezwa izinto ezimbi ngawe. Ngakho-ke ubudlelwano bakho nabanye bungancipha kakhulu.

Ubudlelwano obuhle nomphakathi kufanele bulethe “imisebenzi emihle emenyezelwe kahle.” Kodwa ukuba kubekhona othile osakaza amahemuhemu angamanga futhi alimaze ngawe kungaholela kokuphikisanayo, okungaba “imisebenzi emibi esakazwa ngamanga.”

Isibonelo, thatha umphathi wendawo yokudlela otshela amakhasimende akhe amanga mayelana nendawo yokudlela entsha evuleke nje ngaphesheya komgwaqo, ethi inamanani aphansi ngoba bathenga izithako ezishibhile nezingenampilo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukudla kwabo kungagulisa abantu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso futhi kusakazeka amahlebezi amanga ngenye indawo yokudlela.

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angazama ukuwashaya indiva amahlebezi amanga omunye umuntu awasakaza ngaye. Kungenzeka ukuthi akwemukele lokhu njengengxenye yempilo, acabange ukuthi indlela izinto zenzeka ngakhona empilweni futhi imvelo yomuntu ayinakuthenjwa. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi azame kanzima ukuvikela isithunzi sakhe. Kepha ngaphandle kokuthi abe namakhono okuphatha ubudlelwano nomphakathi, ukuphika kwakhe kungenzeka ukuthi kwenze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukunyundela (ukukhuluma ngamanga ngomuntu okulimazayo) akwenzeki nje kosaziwayo noma kwabanye abantu abaziwayo. Amahemuhemu namanga angenza impilo ingathandeki kunoma yiliphi iqembu.

Wenzenjani lapho usongelwa ngokuhlaselwa okunjalo egameni lakho elihle noma igama leqembu lakho noma lebhizinisi lakho?

Kukhona izixazululo ezijwayelekile zobuhlobo nomphakathi okufanele uzazi futhi uzisebenzise uma kuvele loluhlobo lwenkinga. Ziyizixazululo ezijwayelekile ngoba ziyizenzo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukusiza ufeze lokho oqonde ukukwenza. Futhi kulokhu, ufuna ukubuyisa idumela elihle leqembu lakho, ibhizinisi noma lakho uqobo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini obhekene nayo.

“I-Black propaganda” itemu elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuqeda isithunzi noma inkolelo yomphakathi kubantu, ezinkampanini noma ezizweni. Ngokuthi emnyama kushiwo ukuthi imbi noma yenze inhlekisa (ukuthuka inhlamba noma ukuveza ukungahloniphi) futhi inkulumo-ze isho ukududula izitatimende noma imibono ukuthonya (kube nomphumela noma kuguqule isimo) sabantu.

Indlela (inqubo) ye-black propaganda izama ukwehlisa isithunzi somuntu, inkampani noma isizwe kangangokuthi bancishwe noma yimaphi amalungelo nganoma yisiphi “isivumelwano esivamile” phakathi kweningi labantu endaweni ethintekayo. Kuyenzeka-ke ukubhubhisa umuntu, inkampani noma isizwe ngokuhlaselwa okuncane uma i-black propaganda uqobo ingakakwenzi lokhu.

Bekungakabi khona noma iyiphi indlela ephumelelayo noma elula yokumisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-black propaganda. Ubunzima nezindleko zokumangalelwa kwezomthetho ezibhekene ne-libel (izitatimende ezishicilelwe zamanga zokulimaza umuntu) kanye nokunyundela (imininingwane engeyona esakazwa ngamalungu abezindaba)—lezi zinto zenza noma ngubani abe inhloso yomkhankaso onjalo.

Kuphela okudingayo isitha. Futhi bambalwa abantu emlandweni abangazange babe nazo izitha.

Kunabantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi abangaqondi kakhulu futhi abakuthokozelayo ukutshela abanye abantu amahemuhemu anyundelayo (angamanga futhi alimazayo), nawo lawo asakaza lawo mahemuhemu kwabanye. Emphakathini lapho abantu abaningi bengafundile (bengakwazi ukufunda) noma beqonda amagama ambalwa nje, ulwazi oluningi alufinyeleli kubo futhi abaqondi okuningi kwalokho okushiwo kubo.

Lesi akusiso nje isimo kulabo abangafundile.

Lokho abangakuqondi bakugcwalisa ngokumane bakhe izinto ezingazange zenzeke. Abantu abanjalo abagcini ngokulalela ukunyundela kepha futhi bayayijika bayenze ibe yimbi nakakhulu. Ngale ndlela amahlebezi angahamba agcwale emphakathini ebe engasekelwe  eqinisweni.

Lapho amahemuhemu amaningi anjalo ekhona futhi eqhubeka njalo, ungasola “umkhankaso wokuhleba.” Igama elithi “umkhankaso wokuhleba” lisho ukusakazwa okuhlelekile kwamahemuhemu amabi ngomuntu. Leli temu livela emcabangweni womoya obonakala unethonya elibi noma kuphi lapho uvunguza khona futhi kungabonakali ukuthi umthombo lawusuka khona.

I-Black propaganda isebenzisa ukuzimisela kwabantu abanjalo ukudlulisa amanga nokubenza babe babi nakakhulu.

Iningi le-black propaganda ligqamile futhi livela ngokusobala emaphephandabeni angenankinga noma alawulwa ngokuyimfihlo nasemsakazweni nakomabonakude.

Kepha noma ngabe sekucindezelwe noma kwakhishwa indaba embi emsakazweni noma kumabonakude, “umkhankaso wokuhleba” uncike kubasabalalisi be-black propaganda ukusabalalisa ukunyundela ngomphakathi.

Ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umuntu usengozini.

Ungahle wesabe izinto ezimbi ezikhulunywa ngawe, iqembu lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho. Uma kubonakala sengathi umkhankaso wokuhleba ubhekiswe kuwe, ungakwazi ukuthambekela ekuhoxeni, ungabe usasebenza futhi ufinyelele kancane.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ezinkampanini ngisho nezizwe.

Futhi-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ukwazi ukubhekana nokuhlaselwa okunjalo, empeleni ungenziwa uzizwe ungajabuli futhi ugule.

Umthetho Wamaqiniso Ashiyekile

Kunomthetho wemvelo (izitatimende eziyiqiniso ezisuselwa ekuqapheleni) osebenzayo ngeshwa uzwana ne-black propaganda.

LAPHO KUNGEKHO AMAQINISO ATHOLAKALAYO, ABANTU BAZOWAKHA.

Okushiyekile kusho ukuthi kukhona okungekho noma okungashiwongo noma okungafakiwe, kepha bekufanele ngabe kukhona.

I-vacuum (isikhala esingenalutho ngokuphelele) sithambekele ekuzigcwaliseni. Izazi zefilosofi zakudala zathi “imvelo iyayizonda (iyayizonda) i-vacuum.” Empeleni, okwenzekayo ukuthi ingcindezi ezungezile igelezela indawo engenayo ingcindezi.

Kuyinto efanayo kumuntu, inkampani noma isizwe. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjena:

Lapho kukhulunywa amanga ngomuntu, angafuna ukuhoxa angakhulumi ngakho. Lokhu kunokuthambekela ukudonsa izinkinga eziningi nezindaba ezimbi. Lomuntu-ke akafuni ukufaka noma yiziphi izindaba noma imininingwane engavimba amanga. Ngenxa yalokho, uqala abe imfihlakalo kwabanye. Ngakho-ke abantu bangaqala ukwenza imibiko ngoba abezwa lutho ngomuntu uqobo.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngabantu, izinkampani noma izizwe.

Yilapho ubuhlobo nomphakathi buyisidingo sangempela.

Kahlekahle, ubuhlobo nomphakathi ubuciko (ikhono noma ubukhali) bokwenza imisebenzi emihle ukuthi yaziwe kahle.

Kuyiphutha elibulalayo ukucabanga ukuthi imisebenzi emihle iyazikhulumela. Ayizikhulumeli. Kufanele imemezelwe. Kumelwe ikhuthazwe kabanzi futhi yenziwe ukuthi abantu bayazi.

Lokhu yilokho ubuhlobo nomphakathi obuyiko futhi yingakho kunjalo—ukugcwalisa leso sikhala samaqiniso ashiyiwe. Lapho umuntu ephakathi komkhankaso we-black propaganda, imigwaqo ejwayelekile yokuxhumana (izindlela zokuxhumana, njengamaphephandaba, umsakazo noma umabonakude) zivame ukuvaleka kuye. Abamaphephandaba ngeke babhale izindaba ezithandekayo, ngoba umkhankaso we-black propaganda usebenzisa abezindaba ukusabalalisa amanga nolwazi olungamanga. Noma ngubani ocabanga ukuthi abezindaba bazomsiza uyahlanya, ngoba abezindaba basebenzela abantu abanemali namandla futhi abahlose ukonakalisa igama lomuntu okunguye ohlaselwa umkhankaso we-black propaganda.

“Ezigunyaziwe” izitatimende, ezifana nezindaba ezimbi namanga asakazwe ngaphambili ngabezindaba, zivimba iqiniso ekubeni laziwe. Ngakho-ke abantu bobuhlobo nomphakathi kufanele babe ngongoti kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo lapho kufanele babhekane ne-black propaganda.

Kwenziwa Kanjani

Lapho ungalwi impi ne-black propaganda, ubuhlobo nomphakathi bulula.

Ungaqasha intatheli umsebenzi wayo ozoba ukucabanga imibono futhi akhiphe imibiko (izindaba ezibhaliwe noma izindaba). Yingako izintatheli zivame ukuthathwa njengabantu bobuhlobo nomphakathi, okuyinto abangeyona.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kusetshenziswa umkhankaso we-black propaganda yokukuhlasela wena, ukukhishwa kwezindaba zakho kuyasonteka, kwenqatshwe futhi kuphele nje kanjalo.

Kukhona okuningi kakhulu ngobuciko bobuhlobo nomphakathi ukwedlula lokhu.

Lena eminye yemithetho esebenzayo:

Gcwalisa i-Vacuum

Okokuqala, yeka ukuhoxa. Ubohlobo nomphakathi kuyafakazelwa, ngaphandle ngokungabaza, ukuthi omele ukwenze nge-black propaganda, into esebenzayo kakhulu ukukhipha imibiko. Ukungasho lutho kungahle kubonakale kufana nokuba nesibindi noma into ehloniphekile ukuthi umuntu ayenze, kepha kuwukuzigwaza ngowakho ebuhlotsheni nomphakathi.

Ukuphika nje okuthile akusebenzi kakhulu, ngoba kungasetshenziswa ukukucekela phansi njengohlobo lokuqinisekisa, njengokungathi amanga ayiqiniso ngempela. Ukwenza isibonelo, uma kusatshalaliswa amahemuhemu amabi ngomuntu, athi akangaqashwa ngoba uhlulwa ukuzibamba intukuthelo kwabanye abasebenzi, lowo muntu angaba nenkinga yokuthi abanye bamkholwe inqobo nje uma ekuphika lokhu ngokuthi, “Cha, angithukutheleli njalo abanye abasebenzi.”

Akudingeki ukuthi umemezele noma usakaze izinkinga, njengokutshela wonke umuntu ehhovisi lakho noma iqembu ngezindaba ezithile ezimbi. Akufanele neze ukwenze lokho. Eqinisweni, abantu bobuhlobo nomphakathi bavame ukwenza izinkinga ngokwephula lokhu.

Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi “ukuthula kuyadingeka.” Kufanele ungene endaweni ephephile bese uyakhuluma.

Sebenzisa noma imuphi umgudu wokuxhumana ukuphumisela omele ukusho, njengabomabonakude, umsakazo, amaphephabhuku, izincwadi zezindaba, imihlangano yeqembu, imicimbi yomphakathi, izethulo, njll.—noma iyiphi indawo lapho umyalezo wakho uzosabalaliswa ngendlela ethembekile futhi eyakhayo. Kepha ungazami ukusebenzisa imigudu yokuxhumana ezokwenza kube kubi kunakuqala lokho okushoyo ngokukuphinda, njenganoma ibaphi abezindaba abaqhuba umkhankaso we-black propaganda.

Enye into okufanele uyazi ukuthi akumelwe uhlale odabeni olufanayo nalolu ohlaselwa ngalo.

Nasi isibonelo sokukhuluma ngaphandle kokuphika imibiko engamanga, ngoba ukuphika kuzoba nemiphumela yokwenza kubonakale kuyiqiniso. Esikhundleni salokho, buya ne-rebuttal isitatimende esifakazela ukuthi esinye isitatimende asilungile noma asilona iqiniso:

ISITATIMENDE: “Ngifunde ngokuthi inkampani yakho iwile ngenyanga edlule.”

REBUTTAL: “Nkulunkulu wami. Uyangitshela! Ukube besingaphumanga kuleso sivumelwano naleyo nkampani, ngabe siwile ngempela. Bekuneyesihogo impi ehhovisi. Kodwa u-Jones wanqoba. Uthe, ‘Ngeke ngisayine!’ Cishe wadabula ikhanda likamengameli ngokumemeza. Isihogo sokulwa. Kubonakala sengathi sigqibe izigidi ezingama-80 endaweni ethile futhi u-Jones uyena ophethe futhi ngeke asuke isentimitha kuzo.”

Umuntu obelethe amahemuhemu uma-nje unqume ukuthi aniwile. Unedatha. Lesi sikhala sivalwe indaba yezimpi zabaphezulu kukanye nezigidi ezingama-80 yemali yenkampani ebanjelwe ukugcinwa.

Ukuphikisa Idatha Yamanga

Yilapho usiphikisa ngokuphelele isitatimende samanga ngemibhalo noma ngesiboniso. Kufanele ube nekhithi (iqoqo lemibhalo) noma ukwazi ukubonisa noma ukuveza okuthile. Nasi isibonelo:

ISITATIMENDE: “Ngitshelwe ukuthi usenkingeni neBhodi YezeMpilo yasekuHlaleni.”

I-REBUTTAL: “Nasi isitifiketi sezempilo esisanda kukhishwa kanye nencwadi yokuncoma evela eBhodini yabezeMpilo.” Umkhombisa isitifiketi nencwadi.

Umphumela walesi senzo ukuthi umuntu obemtshele amahemuhemu akasakholakali futhi akasenakwethenjwa.

Uma noma ngubani enza isitatimende esithile kuwe ongasikhombisa ukuthi asilona iqiniso, thola ukuthi ngubani omtshele lokhu ukuze anake lowo muntu, bese unikeza impendulo yakho ukuthi kufakazeleke ukuthi kungamanga.

ISITATIMENDE: “Ngizwa ukuthi awushadanga nalomuntu ohlala naye.”

I-REBUTTAL: “ Ngubani okutshele lokho?”

OBELANDISA: “Ngikhohliwe.”

I-REBUTTER: “Yebo, uyakhumbula futhi ngizokukhombisa ubufakazi.”

OBELANDISA: “Yebo, bekuyindoda…”

I-REBUTTER: “Ngubani?”

OBELANDISA: “U-Joe Schmo.”

I-REBUTTER: “Kulungile. Nasi isitifiketi sami somshado. Ubani lo Joe Schmo vele?”

Uma-nje ngu-Joe Schmo oyimfihlakalo. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba aqambe amanga? Kungani eqamba amanga ngawe? Ngabe uthola inzuzo ethile ngokusakaza lamanga?

Lapho ungawuphethe umbhalo kodwa ungatholakala, ungavele uthi, “Wena ngitshene igama noma ubani ukuze futhi ngokuzayo uma ngikubona ngizokukhombisa okuthile ozokuthakazela kakhulu.”

Bese wenza isiqiniseko sokuthola umbhalo futhi uphinde umbone.

Kunokwehluka okuyizigidigidi.

Omunye uthi kuwe “Ngeke kwenzeke.” Bese wenza yenzeke. Omunye uthi kuwe “Indawo ayinalutho.” Umkhombise ukuthi kugcwele.

Indaba enkulu lapha ingubufakazi nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Kuphela wena uphonsela inselelo izitatimende ongazikhombisa ukuthi zingamanga futhi kunoma iyiphi ingxoxo uzibe konke okunye.

Ungavumeli Wonke Amahemuhemu

Ukufakaza okuphikisayo cishe akwenzeki. Isibonelo, “Ngazi kanjani ukuthi awusebenzeli i-CIA (US Central Intelligence Agency)?” Ungakufakazela kanjani lokho? Awukwazi nje ukukhipha ibheji lamaphoyisa asebenza ngemfihlo yelase-Russia ngoba nako loko kungaba kubi kakhulu. Akekho owake wabhala incwadi, “U-Bill Till akalona ilungu le-CIA.” Futhi akusizi ngalutho ngoba kuwukuphika. Ubani ongakukholwa?

Nakuba, ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi nje, “Angazi” kuzosebenza.

Kepha impendulo elungile kokuphikisayo, into ongenabo ubufakazi ongabukhombisa ukuthi akuyona “ukugcwalisa isikhala” ngokukhuluma ngayo yonke imisebenzi yakho emihle.

Futhi ngenye inkathi ungakwazi ukufakaza okuphikisayo. Usolwa ngokushushumbisa izidakamizwa ungakhombisa ukuthi uyilungu leqembu elilwa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Isitatimende esifakazela okuthile kungamanga kufanele samukeleke, okusho ukuthi siyakholeka futhi siyamukeleka njengeqiniso.

Kunezigidi zezindlela ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa kulokhu ukubonisa okuthile. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ungabi yilento okhulunywayo ngayo, okusho ukuthi noma ngabe yini obekade usolwa ngayo awuyenzi, futhi ukwazi ukukufakazela ngokushesha.

Qhubeka Ngokugcwalisa I-Vacuum

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqhubeke ukhiqiza imisebenzi emihle futhi uthole noma iyiphi indlela ukusakaza izindaba ezinhle ngemisebenzi yakho.

Ama-Handouts, izincwajana, ukukhishwa emaphephandabeni, iphephandaba lakho kanye namaphephabhuku, lokhu nokunye okuningi, kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngolwazi olubonisa ubuwena, konke ukwenza ukuthi imisebenzi yakho iqondwe futhi yaziwe.

Ngokusabalalisa noma ngokusebenzisa lezi zincwajana nezinye izinto, ubeka obala imisebenzi yakho emihle.

Futhi kufanele wenze imisebenzi emihle. Kufanele, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yakho emihle nezenzo okungenani, zibonakale.

Ngakho-ke kufanele kuthunyelwe isifufula esingapheli futhi esiyiqiniso (ukugeleza okukhulu okuqhubekayo) semibiko yobuhlobo nomphakathi. Lemibiko kufanele yenze ngobuciko ukuxhumana nokusakaza ulwazi olufanele oludinga ukwaziswa.

Bese kuthi ngolunye usuku kungabikho sitha.

Futhi idumela lakho libe phezulu.

Kungaba khona okunye ukuhlaselwa, kepha uma-nje ungabuka njengemililo emincane hhayi njengehlathi lonke elivuthayo.

Uyabona ukuthi i-black propaganda yindlela efihlekile yokunyundela nokukhohlisa ngomzamo wokwehlisa isithunzi noma ukuhlambalaza umuntu, inkampani, noma isizwe.

Ukuthi umuntu (noma iqembu noma isizwe) kufanele bavikelwe lapho kunamahlebezi amabi asatshalaliswa nxazonke kukhombisa ukuthi kumele kube khona okuhle. Imvamisa, kuba yizigebengu eziphelele, abantu noma amaqembu okungekho noyedwa ongasho okuthile okuhle ngabo, okungekho muntu okhulumayo ukubavikela.

Akudingeki ukuthi ube msulwa ngokuphelele ukumelana nokuhlaselwa okunjalo, kepha kuyasiza impela.

Kepha noma ngabe umsulwa ngokuphelele, bekungeke kube ukuzivikela. Cishe bonke abangcwele emlandweni bebeyilabo ukuhlaselwa okunjalo kwakuqondiswa kubo. Futhi iningi labo lafa kanjalo.

Impendulo yangempela yokubhekana noma yimaphi amahemuhemu noma imikhankaso yokuhleba nokwenza imisebenzi yakho emihle ukwaziwa ukusebenzisa ngobuchule izindlela ubuhlobo nomphakathi.

Ukuze ube nekhono kunoma yini, kufanele uyazi futhi ube nesipiliyoni kuyo futhi uyenze.